Difference between revisions of "GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux"

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 +
Objective-C under Ubuntu Linux
 +
 +
== Compiling Everything from Scratch  ==
 +
 +
The following scripts compiles and installs everything needed for Objective-C 2.0 from scratch.  The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks, etc.
 +
 +
Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html
 +
 +
 +
=== 16.04 ===
 +
 +
In addition to building everything, this script also provides the ability to build the most recent version of four apps: Project Center, Gorm, GWorkspace, and System Preferences. 
 +
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
−
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
#!/bin/bash
−
# Objective C 2.0 on Ubuntu (from source)
 
−
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
−
# PART 1: LIBOBJC2 from source (with ARC)
 
−
# PART 2: LIBDISPATCH from source
 
−
# ON UBUNTU 12.04 SERVER
 
−
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
−
# Step 1 based on David Chisnall (http://etoileos.com/news/archive/2011/08/14/1206/)
 
−
# Step 2 based on Chris Mowforth http://chris.mowforth.com/installing-grand-central-dispatch-on-linux)
 
−
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
−
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
  
−
# ==============================
+
# Set colors
−
# ==============================
+
GREEN=`tput setaf 2`
−
# PART 1: new libobjc2 on Ubuntu
+
NC=`tput sgr0` # No Color
−
# ==============================
 
−
# ==============================
 
  
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
# Set to true to also build and install apps
−
# Some examples to test Objective C and ARC once we get it installed
+
APPS=true
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  
−
cd ~
+
# Set to true to pause after each build to verify successful build and installation
 +
PROMPT=true
  
−
cat > Fraction.h << EOF
+
# Install Requirements
 +
sudo apt update
  
−
#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>
+
# compare to dependencies on scripts
 +
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Installing dependencies...${NC}"
 +
sudo apt -y install clang git ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
 +
libgnutls-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
 +
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libxft-dev
  
−
@interface Fraction: NSObject {
+
# Create build directory
−
  int numerator;
+
mkdir GNUstep-build
−
  int denominator;
+
cd GNUstep-build
−
}
 
  
−
-(void) print;
+
# Set clang as compiler
−
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
+
export CC=clang
−
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
+
export CXX=clang++
−
-(int) numerator;
 
−
-(int) denominator;
 
−
@end
 
  
−
EOF
+
# Checkout sources
 +
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Checking out sources...${NC}"
 +
git clone https://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
 +
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2.git
 +
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/make
 +
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/base.git
 +
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/gui.git
 +
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/back.git
  
 +
if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
 +
  git clone https://github.com/gnustep/projectcenter.git
 +
  git clone https://github.com/gnustep/gorm.git
 +
  git clone https://github.com/gnustep/gworkspace.git
 +
curl -O ftp://ftp.gnustep.org/pub/gnustep/usr-apps/SystemPreferences-1.2.0.tar.gz
 +
  tar xvzf SystemPreferences-1.2.0.tar.gz
 +
fi
  
−
cat > Fraction.m << EOF
+
if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
−
#import "Fraction.h"
+
  echo -e "\n\n"
−
#import <stdio.h>
+
  read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
 +
fi
  
−
@implementation Fraction
+
# Build GNUstep make first time
−
-(void) print {
+
echo -e "\n\n"
−
  printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
+
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the first time...${NC}"
−
}
+
cd make
 +
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
 +
make -j8
 +
sudo -E make install
  
−
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
+
. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
−
  numerator = n;
+
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
−
}
 
  
−
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
+
if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
−
  denominator = d;
+
  echo -e "\n\n"
−
}
+
  read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
 +
fi
  
−
-(int) denominator {
+
# Build libdispatch
−
  return denominator;
+
echo -e "\n\n"
−
}
+
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libdispatch...${NC}"
 +
cd ../libdispatch
 +
rm -rf build
 +
mkdir build && cd build
 +
../configure  --prefix=/usr
 +
make
 +
sudo make install
 +
sudo ldconfig
  
−
-(int) numerator {
+
if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
−
  return numerator;
+
  echo -e "\n\n"
−
}
+
  read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
−
@end
+
fi
  
−
EOF
+
# Build libobjc2
 +
echo -e "\n\n"
 +
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libobjc2...${NC}"
 +
cd ../../libobjc2
 +
mkdir build && cd build
 +
cmake ../ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_ASM_FLAGS=-c -DTESTS=OFF
 +
cmake --build .
 +
sudo -E make install
 +
sudo ldconfig
  
 +
export LDFLAGS=-ldispatch
  
 +
if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
 +
  echo -e "\n\n"
 +
  read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
 +
fi
  
−
cat > main.m << EOF
+
OBJCFLAGS="-fblocks -fobjc-nonfragile-abi"
  
−
#import <stdio.h>
+
# Build GNUstep make second time
−
#import "Fraction.h"
+
echo -e "\n\n"
 +
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the second time...${NC}"
 +
cd ../../make
 +
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
 +
make -j8
 +
sudo -E make install
  
−
int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
+
. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
−
  // create a new instance
 
−
  Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];
 
  
−
  // set the values
+
if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
−
  [frac setNumerator: 1];
+
  echo -e "\n\n"
−
  [frac setDenominator: 3];
+
  read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
 +
fi
  
−
  // print it
+
# Build GNUstep base
−
  printf( "The fraction is: " );
+
echo -e "\n\n"
−
  [frac print];
+
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-base...${NC}"
−
  printf( "\n" );
+
cd ../base/
 +
./configure
 +
make -j8
 +
sudo -E make install
  
−
  // free memory
+
if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
−
  [frac release];
+
  echo -e "\n\n"
 +
  read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
 +
fi
  
−
  return 0;
+
# Build GNUstep GUI
−
}
+
echo -e "\n\n"
 +
echo -e "${GREEN} Building GNUstep-gui...${NC}"
 +
cd ../gui
 +
./configure
 +
make -j8
 +
sudo -E make install
  
−
EOF
+
if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
 +
  echo -e "\n\n"
 +
  read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
 +
fi
  
−
cat > mainarc.m << EOF
+
# Build GNUstep back
−
#import <stdio.h>
+
echo -e "\n\n"
−
#import "Fraction.h"
+
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-back...${NC}"
 +
cd ../back
 +
./configure
 +
make -j8
 +
sudo -E make install
  
−
int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
+
if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
−
  // create a new instance
+
  echo -e "\n\n"
−
  Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];
+
  read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
 +
fi
  
−
  // set the values
+
source ~/.bashrc
−
  [frac setNumerator: 1];
 
−
  [frac setDenominator: 3];
 
  
−
  // print it
+
if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
−
  printf( "The fraction is: " );
+
  echo -e "${GREEN}Building ProjectCenter...${NC}"
−
  [frac print];
+
  cd ../projectcenter/
−
  printf( "\n" );
+
  make -j8
 +
  sudo -E make install
  
−
  // free memory
+
  if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
−
  // [frac release]; // valgrind should show less leakage with -fobjc-arc
+
    echo -e "\n\n"
 +
    read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
 +
  fi
  
−
  return 0;
+
  echo -e "${GREEN}Building Gorm...${NC}"
−
}
+
  cd ../gorm/
 +
  make -j8
 +
  sudo -E make install
  
−
EOF
+
  if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
 +
    echo -e "\n\n"
 +
    read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
 +
  fi
  
 +
  echo -e "\n\n"
 +
  echo -e "${GREEN}Building GWorkspace...${NC}"
 +
  cd ../gworkspace/
 +
  ./configure
 +
  make -j8
 +
  sudo -E make install
  
−
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
  if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
−
# INITIAL REQUIREMENTS
+
    echo -e "\n\n"
−
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
    read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
−
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential subversion clang libicu-dev libxml2-dev libxml2  libgnutls-dev libssl-dev
+
  fi
  
−
#sudo apt-get -y install gnustep            # If you want old runtime
+
  echo -e "\n\n"
−
#sudo apt-get -y install gnustep-make       
+
  echo -e "${GREEN}Building SystemPreferences...${NC}"
−
#sudo apt-get -y install libgnustep-base-dev
+
  cd ../SystemPreferences-1.2.0/
 +
  make -j8
 +
  sudo -E make install
  
−
sudo apt-get -y install gobjc                # Def required for below.
+
fi
  
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
echo -e "\n\n"
−
# TEST (may fail w/ segfault if you did not apt-get install gnustep)
+
echo -e "${GREEN}Install is done. Open a new terminal or type source ~/.bashrc to use.${NC}"
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
</pre>
  
−
cd ~
 
−
gcc `gnustep-config --objc-flags` main.m  Fraction.m -o test -lobjc -lgnustep-base
 
−
./test
 
−
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` main.m  Fraction.m -o test -lobjc -lgnustep-base
 
−
./test
 
  
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
=== 14.04 & 15.04 ===
−
# OK, let's install the new GNUstep from Subversion repositories!
 
−
# (based on David Chisnall http://etoileos.com/news/archive/2011/08/14/1206/)
 
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
−
mkdir gs
 
−
cd gs
 
  
−
svn co svn://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/tools/make/trunk make
+
<pre>
−
svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
+
#!/bin/bash
−
svn co svn://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/libs/libobjc2/trunk libobjc
 
  
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
−
# 1) Install GNUstep Make a first time.
+
sudo apt-get update
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential git subversion ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
 +
libgnutls-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
 +
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libXft-dev
  
−
cd ~/gs/make
+
sudo apt-get -y install python-dev libncurses5-dev doxygen swig libedit-dev
−
export CC=clang
 
−
export CXX=clang++
 
−
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=fhs
 
−
make && sudo -E make install
 
−
. /usr/local/share/GNUstep/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
 
−
cd ..
 
  
−
cd ~/gs/core/base
 
−
./configure
 
−
make            # On this FIRST TIME THRU, WILL SAY CAN'T BUILD NSBLOCKS for this runtime
 
−
sudo make install
 
−
cd ..
 
  
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
−
# TEST (the resulting binary will segfault if we don't have a runtime)
 
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
cd ~
 
cd ~
−
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` main.m  Fraction.m -o test -lobjc -lgnustep-base
+
git clone git://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
 +
svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
 +
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2
 +
 
 +
# OBTAIN, COMPILE, INSTALL THE LATEST LLVM/clang. (Doing apt-get install clang instead may or may not work.)
 +
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
 +
cd llvm/tools
 +
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
 +
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/lldb/trunk lldb
 +
cd ~/llvm
 +
rm -rf build
 +
mkdir build
 +
cd build
 +
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release ..    # If you don't choose Release, it defaults to Debug which takes lots more space
 +
make -j8  # 8=your number of build CPUs
 +
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
 +
echo "export CC=clang"  >> ~/.bashrc
 +
echo "export CXX=clang++" >> ~/.bashrc
 +
export PATH=$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin
 +
. ~/.bashrc
  
 +
export CC=clang
 +
export CXX=clang++
  
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
clang -v
−
# 2) Build libobjc2
+
clang++ -v
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
−
cd ~/gs/libobjc
 
−
make -f Makefile
 
−
sudo make -f Makefile install
 
−
cd ..
 
  
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
cd ~/libobjc2
−
# 3) NOW GO BACK, RECOMPILE GNUStep MAKE (TO DETECT THE NEW OBJC RUNTIME)
+
rm -rf build
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
mkdir build
 +
cd build
 +
cmake ..
 +
make -j8
 +
sudo -E make install
  
−
cd ~/gs/make
+
cd ~/core/make
−
./configure --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-native-objc-exceptions --with-layout=fhs --enable-debug-by-default CC=clang CXX=clang++
+
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi
 
make && sudo -E make install
 
make && sudo -E make install
−
. /usr/local/share/GNUstep/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
+
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
−
cd ..
+
 
 +
. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
  
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
sudo /sbin/ldconfig
−
# 4) AND THEN RECOMPILE CORE/BASE
 
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  
−
cd ~/core/base
+
cd ~/core/base/
−
./configure --disable-mixedabi CC=clang CXX=clang++
+
./configure
−
make           # THIS TIME THRU, NO COMPLAINTS ABOUT BLOCKS
+
make -j8
 +
sudo -E make install
 +
 
 +
cd ~/libdispatch
 +
rm -rf libdispatch-build
 +
mkdir libdispatch-build && cd libdispatch-build
 +
../configure
 +
make
 
sudo make install
 
sudo make install
−
cd ..
+
sudo ldconfig
  
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
cd ~/core/gui
−
# 5) FINALLY TEST AGAIN AND ENJOY OBJECTIVE C WITH ARC
+
./configure
−
# Note that I need to add GNUSTEP-CONFIG --OBJC-LIBS below.
+
make -j8
−
# If you don't want ARC, omit -fobj-arc
+
sudo -E make install
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  
−
cd ~
+
cd ~/core/back
−
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobj-arc -fobjc-nonfragile-abi mainarc.m Fraction.m -o test -lobjc -lgnustep-base
+
./configure
−
./test
+
make -j8
 +
sudo -E make install
 +
 
 +
echo "Install is done. Open a new terminal or type source ~/.bashrc"
 +
</pre>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
=== 12.04 ===
 +
 
 +
This uses the same as the 14.04 & 15.04 except there are some additional requirements.
 +
 
 +
On Ubuntu 12.04, the default installed version of CMake is 2.8.7 but you need 2.8.8 or later to compile LLVM.  And the default installed version of GCC and G++ is 4.6 but you need 4.8 or later to compile LLVM.
  
 +
For CMake, the solution is to download and compile CMake yourself.  Use the existing CMake 2.8.7 and then replace it:
  
 +
# Download the latest CMake version from the CMake web site (http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html), and uncompress it in a folder.
 +
# Create a _build directory in the CMake sources folder.
 +
# From the _build directory, run the following commands to build and install CMake from sources:
  
−
# ==============================
+
<pre>
−
# ==============================
+
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
−
# PART 2: libdispatch on Ubuntu
+
make
−
# ==============================
+
cpack -G DEB
−
# ==============================
+
sudo apt-get remove cmake cmake-data
 +
sudo dpkg -i cmake*.deb
 +
</pre>
  
 +
To get GCC and G++ 4.8, do the following:
  
 +
<pre>
 +
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
 +
sudo apt-get update
 +
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8
 +
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50
 +
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8 50
 +
</pre>
  
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
Now run the 14.04 & 15.04 script.
−
# Some examples to test GCD once we get it installed
 
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  
−
cd ~
 
  
−
cat > helloGCD.c << EOF
+
== Test Code ==
−
#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
 
−
#include <stdio.h>
 
  
−
int main() {
+
The following is some Objective-C source code from the internet. 
−
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
+
It demonstrates blocks, Grand Central Dispatch, and the use of GNUStep GUI.
  
−
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
+
<pre>
−
  printf("Hello, world from a dispatch queue!\n");
 
−
});
 
  
−
dispatch_release(queue);
+
cat > blocktest.m << EOF
 +
#include <stdio.h>
  
−
return 0;
+
int main() {
 +
    void (^hello)(void) = ^(void) {
 +
        printf("Hello, block!\n");
 +
    };
 +
    hello();
 +
    return 0;
 
}
 
}
−
 
 
EOF
 
EOF
  
−
cat > helloGCD_objc.c << EOF
+
cat > helloGCD_objc.m << EOF
  
 
#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
 
#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
Line 261: Line 362:
  
 
int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
 
int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
−
   dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);  
+
   dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
 
   Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];
 
   Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];
  
Line 280: Line 381:
 
EOF
 
EOF
  
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
cat > Fraction.h << EOF
−
# INSTALLING LIBDISPATCH
 
−
# (based on Chris Mowforth http://chris.mowforth.com/installing-grand-central-dispatch-on-linux)
 
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  
−
sudo apt-get install clang libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev
+
#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>
  
−
# Visit  http://packages.ubuntu.com/oneiric/libpthread-workqueue0 for download links
+
@interface Fraction: NSObject {
−
# Visit  http://packages.ubuntu.com/oneiric/libpthread-workqueue-dev for download link
+
  int numerator;
 +
  int denominator;
 +
}
  
−
mkdir dispatch
+
-(void) print;
−
cd dispatch
+
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
−
sudo apt-get install make autoconf autogen libtool build-essential gcc-multilib
+
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
−
sudo apt-get install pkg-config
+
-(int) numerator;
 +
-(int) denominator;
 +
@end
  
−
wget http://mirror.pnl.gov/ubuntu//pool/universe/libp/libpthread-workqueue/libpthread-workqueue0_0.8.2-1_amd64.deb
+
EOF
−
wget http://mirror.pnl.gov/ubuntu//pool/universe/libp/libpthread-workqueue/libpthread-workqueue-dev_0.8.2-1_amd64.deb
 
  
−
sudo dpkg -i libpthread-workqueue0_0.8.2-1_amd64.deb
 
−
sudo dpkg -i libpthread-workqueue-dev_0.8.2-1_amd64.deb
 
  
−
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libd/libdispatch/libdispatch_0~svn197.orig.tar.gz
+
cat > Fraction.m << EOF
 +
#import "Fraction.h"
 +
#import <stdio.h>
  
−
tar xvfz libdispatch_0~svn197.orig.tar.gz
+
@implementation Fraction
−
cd libdispatch-0~svn197/
+
-(void) print {
−
export CC=clang
+
  printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
−
export CXX=clang++
+
}
−
make distclean
 
−
./configure
 
−
make
 
  
−
# dispatch_starfish.o: In function `_dispatch_time_mach2nano':
+
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
−
# dispatch_starfish.c:(.text+0x5bc): undefined reference to `_dispatch_host_time_data'
+
  numerator = n;
−
# dispatch_starfish.c:(.text+0x5ea): undefined reference to `_dispatch_get_host_time_init'
+
}
−
# /usr/bin/ld: .libs/dispatch_starfish: hidden symbol `_dispatch_host_time_data' isn't defined
 
−
# /usr/bin/ld: final link failed: Bad value
 
−
# clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
 
−
# make[1]: *** [dispatch_starfish] Error 1
 
−
# make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/patryk/dispatch/libdispatch-0~svn197/testing'
 
−
# make: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
 
  
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
−
# To fix compile, comment out build of "testing" from Makefile
+
  denominator = d;
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
}
  
−
make clean
+
-(int) denominator {
−
sed "s/testing/#testing/" Makefile > Makefile.new
+
  return denominator;
−
mv Makefile.new Makefile
+
}
−
make
 
−
sudo make install
 
−
sudo ldconfig
 
  
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
-(int) numerator {
−
# Testing
+
  return numerator;
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
}
−
# Plain C: When not compiling with libobjc2 (just plain C) on Ubuntu you must add -lBlocksRuntime
+
@end
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  
−
clang -o hi helloGCD.c -fblocks -ldispatch -lBlocksRuntime
+
EOF
−
./hi
 
  
−
clang -o hi helloGCD.c -fblocks -ldispatch
 
−
# /usr/bin/ld: /tmp/helloGCD-eXxFYY.o: undefined reference to symbol '_NSConcreteGlobalBlock'
 
−
# /usr/bin/ld: note: '_NSConcreteGlobalBlock' is defined in DSO /usr/lib/libBlocksRuntime.so.0
 
−
# so try adding it to the linker command line
 
−
# /usr/lib/libBlocksRuntime.so.0: could not read symbols: Invalid operation
 
−
# clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
 
  
  
 +
cat > guitest.m << EOF
 +
#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>
 +
 +
int main()
 +
{
 +
  NSApplication *app;  // Without these 2 lines, seg fault may occur
 +
  app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];
 +
 +
  NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
 +
  [alert setMessageText:@"Hello alert"];
 +
  [alert addButtonWithTitle:@"All done"];
 +
  int result = [alert runModal];
 +
  if (result == NSAlertFirstButtonReturn) {
 +
    NSLog(@"First button pressed");
 +
  }
 +
}
 +
EOF
 +
 +
# ======================================================================
 +
# COMPILE USING THE FOLLOWING COMMAND LINES, OR CREATE A MAKEFILE
 +
# ======================================================================
 +
 +
# Using COMMAND LINE
 +
 +
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -fobjc-arc -lobjc  blocktest.m
 +
 +
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base  Fraction.m helloGCD_objc.m
 +
 +
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs`  -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -fobjc-arc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base -lgnustep-gui  guitest.m
 +
 +
# Using MAKEFILE
 +
 +
cat > GNUmakefile << EOF
 +
include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/common.make
 +
 +
APP_NAME = GUITest
 +
GUITest_OBJC_FILES = guitest.m
 +
 +
include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/application.make
 +
EOF
 +
 +
make
 +
openapp ./GUITest.app
  
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
−
# Compiling Objective C with ARC and blocks and libdispatch
 
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
−
# Note: do not use -lBlocksRuntime here since Apple on is not
 
−
# compatible with the libobjc2 one which has its own. (Note from
 
−
# David Chisnall)
 
−
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  
−
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobj-arc -fobjc-nonfragile-abi -fblocks  helloGCD_objc.m Fraction.m -o test -lobjc -lgnustep-base -ldispatch
 
−
./test
 
  
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 +
 +
General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1
 +
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))

Revision as of 15:59, 25 August 2016

Objective-C under Ubuntu Linux

Compiling Everything from Scratch

The following scripts compiles and installs everything needed for Objective-C 2.0 from scratch. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks, etc.

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html


16.04

In addition to building everything, this script also provides the ability to build the most recent version of four apps: Project Center, Gorm, GWorkspace, and System Preferences. 

#!/bin/bash

# Set colors
GREEN=`tput setaf 2`
NC=`tput sgr0` # No Color

# Set to true to also build and install apps
APPS=true

# Set to true to pause after each build to verify successful build and installation
PROMPT=true

# Install Requirements
sudo apt update

# compare to dependencies on scripts
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Installing dependencies...${NC}"
sudo apt -y install clang git ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libxft-dev

# Create build directory
mkdir GNUstep-build
cd GNUstep-build

# Set clang as compiler
export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

# Checkout sources
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Checking out sources...${NC}"
git clone https://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/make
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/base.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/gui.git
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/back.git

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
  git clone https://github.com/gnustep/projectcenter.git
  git clone https://github.com/gnustep/gorm.git
  git clone https://github.com/gnustep/gworkspace.git
 	curl -O ftp://ftp.gnustep.org/pub/gnustep/usr-apps/SystemPreferences-1.2.0.tar.gz
  tar xvzf SystemPreferences-1.2.0.tar.gz
fi

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
  echo -e "\n\n"
  read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

# Build GNUstep make first time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the first time...${NC}"
cd make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
  echo -e "\n\n"
  read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

# Build libdispatch
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libdispatch...${NC}"
cd ../libdispatch
rm -rf build
mkdir build && cd build
../configure  --prefix=/usr
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
  echo -e "\n\n"
  read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

# Build libobjc2
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libobjc2...${NC}"
cd ../../libobjc2
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ../ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_ASM_FLAGS=-c -DTESTS=OFF
cmake --build .
sudo -E make install
sudo ldconfig

export LDFLAGS=-ldispatch

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
  echo -e "\n\n"
  read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

OBJCFLAGS="-fblocks -fobjc-nonfragile-abi"

# Build GNUstep make second time
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the second time...${NC}"
cd ../../make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-objc-arc
make -j8
sudo -E make install

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
  echo -e "\n\n"
  read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

# Build GNUstep base
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-base...${NC}"
cd ../base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
  echo -e "\n\n"
  read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

# Build GNUstep GUI
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN} Building GNUstep-gui...${NC}"
cd ../gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
  echo -e "\n\n"
  read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

# Build GNUstep back
echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-back...${NC}"
cd ../back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
  echo -e "\n\n"
  read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
fi

source ~/.bashrc

if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
  echo -e "${GREEN}Building ProjectCenter...${NC}"
  cd ../projectcenter/
  make -j8
  sudo -E make install

  if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
    echo -e "\n\n"
    read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
  fi

  echo -e "${GREEN}Building Gorm...${NC}"
  cd ../gorm/
  make -j8
  sudo -E make install

  if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
    echo -e "\n\n"
    read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
  fi

  echo -e "\n\n"
  echo -e "${GREEN}Building GWorkspace...${NC}"
  cd ../gworkspace/
  ./configure
  make -j8
  sudo -E make install

  if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
    echo -e "\n\n"
    read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
  fi

  echo -e "\n\n"
  echo -e "${GREEN}Building SystemPreferences...${NC}"
  cd ../SystemPreferences-1.2.0/
  make -j8
  sudo -E make install

fi

echo -e "\n\n"
echo -e "${GREEN}Install is done. Open a new terminal or type source ~/.bashrc to use.${NC}"


14.04 & 15.04

#!/bin/bash

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential git subversion ninja cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
libgnutls-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libXft-dev

sudo apt-get -y install python-dev libncurses5-dev doxygen swig libedit-dev


cd ~
git clone git://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2

# OBTAIN, COMPILE, INSTALL THE LATEST LLVM/clang. (Doing apt-get install clang instead may or may not work.)
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
cd llvm/tools
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/lldb/trunk lldb
cd ~/llvm
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release ..    # If you don't choose Release, it defaults to Debug which takes lots more space
make -j8   # 8=your number of build CPUs
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CC=clang"  >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export CXX=clang++" >> ~/.bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin
. ~/.bashrc

export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++

clang -v
clang++ -v

cd ~/libobjc2
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/make
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi
make && sudo -E make install
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc

. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh

sudo /sbin/ldconfig

cd ~/core/base/
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/libdispatch
rm -rf libdispatch-build
mkdir libdispatch-build && cd libdispatch-build
../configure
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

cd ~/core/gui
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

cd ~/core/back
./configure
make -j8
sudo -E make install

echo "Install is done. Open a new terminal or type source ~/.bashrc"


12.04

This uses the same as the 14.04 & 15.04 except there are some additional requirements.

On Ubuntu 12.04, the default installed version of CMake is 2.8.7 but you need 2.8.8 or later to compile LLVM. And the default installed version of GCC and G++ is 4.6 but you need 4.8 or later to compile LLVM.

For CMake, the solution is to download and compile CMake yourself. Use the existing CMake 2.8.7 and then replace it:

  1. Download the latest CMake version from the CMake web site (http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html), and uncompress it in a folder.
  2. Create a _build directory in the CMake sources folder.
  3. From the _build directory, run the following commands to build and install CMake from sources:
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
make
cpack -G DEB
sudo apt-get remove cmake cmake-data
sudo dpkg -i cmake*.deb

To get GCC and G++ 4.8, do the following: 

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8 50

Now run the 14.04 & 15.04 script.


Test Code

The following is some Objective-C source code from the internet. It demonstrates blocks, Grand Central Dispatch, and the use of GNUStep GUI. 


cat > blocktest.m << EOF
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    void (^hello)(void) = ^(void) {
        printf("Hello, block!\n");
    };
    hello();
    return 0;
}
EOF

cat > helloGCD_objc.m << EOF

#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
#import <stdio.h>
#import "Fraction.h"

int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
   dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
   Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];

   [frac setNumerator: 1];
   [frac setDenominator: 3];

   // print it
   dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
     printf( "The fraction is: " );
     [frac print];
     printf( "\n" );
   });
   dispatch_release(queue);

   return 0;
}

EOF

cat > Fraction.h << EOF

#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>

@interface Fraction: NSObject {
   int numerator;
   int denominator;
}

-(void) print;
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
-(int) numerator;
-(int) denominator;
@end

EOF


cat > Fraction.m << EOF
#import "Fraction.h"
#import <stdio.h>

@implementation Fraction
-(void) print {
   printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
}

-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
   numerator = n;
}

-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
   denominator = d;
}

-(int) denominator {
   return denominator;
}

-(int) numerator {
   return numerator;
}
@end

EOF



cat > guitest.m << EOF
#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>

int main()
{
  NSApplication *app;  // Without these 2 lines, seg fault may occur
  app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];

  NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
  [alert setMessageText:@"Hello alert"];
  [alert addButtonWithTitle:@"All done"];
  int result = [alert runModal];
  if (result == NSAlertFirstButtonReturn) {
    NSLog(@"First button pressed");
  }
}
EOF

# ======================================================================
# COMPILE USING THE FOLLOWING COMMAND LINES, OR CREATE A MAKEFILE
# ======================================================================

# Using COMMAND LINE

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -fobjc-arc -lobjc  blocktest.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base  Fraction.m helloGCD_objc.m

clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs`  -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -fobjc-arc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base -lgnustep-gui  guitest.m

# Using MAKEFILE

cat > GNUmakefile << EOF
include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/common.make

APP_NAME = GUITest
GUITest_OBJC_FILES = guitest.m

include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/application.make
EOF

make
openapp ./GUITest.app

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.8.1 (The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))

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