Difference between revisions of "GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux"

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<nowiki>
+
Usually it is a good a idea to just use the package manager of your distribution to get a stable and well integrated GNUstep environment:
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
# Objective C 2.0 on Ubuntu (from source)
 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
# PART 1: LIBOBJC2 from source (with ARC)
 
# PART 2: LIBDISPATCH from source
 
# ON UBUNTU 12.04 SERVER
 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
# Step 1 based on David Chisnall (http://etoileos.com/news/archive/2011/08/14/1206/)
 
# Step 2 based on Chris Mowforth http://chris.mowforth.com/installing-grand-central-dispatch-on-linux)
 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
  
# ==============================
+
sudo apt-get install gnustep gnustep-devel
# ==============================
 
# PART 1: new libobjc2 on Ubuntu
 
# ==============================
 
# ==============================
 
  
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
If you want to develop new apps and try the newest features consider the approach described below.
# Some examples to test Objective C and ARC once we get it installed
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  
cd ~
+
= Compiling Everything from Scratch  =
  
cat > Fraction.h << EOF
+
The following repo contains scripts that  compile and install everything needed for GNUstep Objective-C 2.0.  The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks/Grand Central Dispatch, etc.
  
#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>
+
For example, to build GNUstep under Ubuntu 19.04, do:
  
@interface Fraction: NSObject {
+
git clone https://github.com/plaurent/gnustep-build
  int numerator;
+
cd gnustep-build/ubuntu-19.04-clang-8.0-runtime-2.0/
  int denominator;
+
./GNUstep-buildon-ubuntu1904.sh
}
 
  
-(void) print;
+
The demo.sh and demo-gui.sh scripts show example code and compilation examples (using command line as well as the recommended GNUmakefile approach.)
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
 
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
 
-(int) numerator;
 
-(int) denominator;
 
@end
 
  
EOF
+
Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html
  
 
+
General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0
cat > Fraction.m << EOF
+
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))
#import "Fraction.h"
 
#import <stdio.h>
 
 
 
@implementation Fraction
 
-(void) print {
 
  printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
 
}
 
 
 
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
 
  numerator = n;
 
}
 
 
 
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
 
  denominator = d;
 
}
 
 
 
-(int) denominator {
 
  return denominator;
 
}
 
 
 
-(int) numerator {
 
  return numerator;
 
}
 
@end
 
 
 
EOF
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
cat > main.m << EOF
 
 
 
#import <stdio.h>
 
#import "Fraction.h"
 
 
 
int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
 
  // create a new instance
 
  Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];
 
 
 
  // set the values
 
  [frac setNumerator: 1];
 
  [frac setDenominator: 3];
 
 
 
  // print it
 
  printf( "The fraction is: " );
 
  [frac print];
 
  printf( "\n" );
 
 
 
  // free memory
 
  [frac release];
 
 
 
  return 0;
 
}
 
 
 
EOF
 
 
 
cat > mainarc.m << EOF
 
#import <stdio.h>
 
#import "Fraction.h"
 
 
 
int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
 
  // create a new instance
 
  Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];
 
 
 
  // set the values
 
  [frac setNumerator: 1];
 
  [frac setDenominator: 3];
 
 
 
  // print it
 
  printf( "The fraction is: " );
 
  [frac print];
 
  printf( "\n" );
 
 
 
  // free memory
 
  // [frac release];  // valgrind should show less leakage with -fobjc-arc
 
 
 
  return 0;
 
}
 
 
 
EOF
 
 
 
 
 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
# INITIAL REQUIREMENTS
 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential subversion clang libicu-dev libxml2-dev libxml2  libgnutls-dev libssl-dev
 
 
 
#sudo apt-get -y install gnustep            # If you want old runtime
 
#sudo apt-get -y install gnustep-make       
 
#sudo apt-get -y install libgnustep-base-dev
 
 
 
sudo apt-get -y install gobjc                # Def required for below.
 
 
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
# TEST (may fail w/ segfault if you did not apt-get install gnustep)
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
cd ~
 
gcc `gnustep-config --objc-flags` main.m  Fraction.m -o test -lobjc -lgnustep-base
 
./test
 
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` main.m  Fraction.m -o test -lobjc -lgnustep-base
 
./test
 
 
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
# OK, let's install the new GNUstep from Subversion repositories!
 
# (based on David Chisnall http://etoileos.com/news/archive/2011/08/14/1206/)
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
mkdir gs
 
cd gs
 
 
 
svn co svn://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/tools/make/trunk make
 
svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
 
svn co svn://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/libs/libobjc2/trunk libobjc
 
 
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
# 1) Install GNUstep Make a first time.
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
cd ~/gs/make
 
export CC=clang
 
export CXX=clang++
 
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=fhs
 
make && sudo -E make install
 
. /usr/local/share/GNUstep/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
 
cd ..
 
 
 
cd ~/gs/core/base
 
./configure
 
make            # On this FIRST TIME THRU, WILL SAY CAN'T BUILD NSBLOCKS for this runtime
 
sudo make install
 
cd ..
 
 
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
# TEST (the resulting binary will segfault if we don't have a runtime)
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
cd ~
 
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` main.m  Fraction.m -o test -lobjc -lgnustep-base
 
 
 
 
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
# 2) Build libobjc2
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
cd ~/gs/libobjc
 
make -f Makefile
 
sudo make -f Makefile install
 
cd ..
 
 
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
# 3) NOW GO BACK, RECOMPILE GNUStep MAKE (TO DETECT THE NEW OBJC RUNTIME)
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
cd ~/gs/make
 
./configure  --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi --enable-native-objc-exceptions --with-layout=fhs --enable-debug-by-default CC=clang CXX=clang++
 
make && sudo -E make install
 
. /usr/local/share/GNUstep/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
 
cd ..
 
 
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
# 4) AND THEN RECOMPILE CORE/BASE
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
cd ~/core/base
 
./configure --disable-mixedabi CC=clang CXX=clang++
 
make            # THIS TIME THRU, NO COMPLAINTS ABOUT BLOCKS
 
sudo make install
 
cd ..
 
 
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
# 5) FINALLY TEST AGAIN AND ENJOY OBJECTIVE C WITH ARC
 
# Note that I need to add GNUSTEP-CONFIG --OBJC-LIBS below.
 
# If you don't want ARC, omit -fobj-arc
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
cd ~
 
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobj-arc -fobjc-nonfragile-abi mainarc.m  Fraction.m -o test -lobjc -lgnustep-base
 
./test
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
# ==============================
 
# ==============================
 
# PART 2: libdispatch on Ubuntu
 
# ==============================
 
# ==============================
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
# Some examples to test GCD once we get it installed
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
cd ~
 
 
 
cat > helloGCD.c << EOF
 
#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
 
#include <stdio.h>
 
 
 
int main() {
 
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
 
 
 
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
 
  printf("Hello, world from a dispatch queue!\n");
 
});
 
 
 
dispatch_release(queue);
 
 
 
return 0;
 
}
 
 
 
EOF
 
 
 
cat > helloGCD_objc.c << EOF
 
 
 
#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
 
#import <stdio.h>
 
#import "Fraction.h"
 
 
 
int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
 
  dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
 
  Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];
 
 
 
  [frac setNumerator: 1];
 
  [frac setDenominator: 3];
 
 
 
  // print it
 
  dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
 
    printf( "The fraction is: " );
 
    [frac print];
 
    printf( "\n" );
 
  });
 
  dispatch_release(queue);
 
 
 
  return 0;
 
}
 
 
 
EOF
 
 
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
# INSTALLING LIBDISPATCH
 
# (based on Chris Mowforth http://chris.mowforth.com/installing-grand-central-dispatch-on-linux)
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
sudo apt-get install clang libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev
 
 
 
# Visit  http://packages.ubuntu.com/oneiric/libpthread-workqueue0 for download links
 
# Visit  http://packages.ubuntu.com/oneiric/libpthread-workqueue-dev for download link
 
 
 
mkdir dispatch
 
cd dispatch
 
sudo apt-get install make autoconf autogen libtool build-essential gcc-multilib
 
sudo apt-get install pkg-config
 
 
 
wget http://mirror.pnl.gov/ubuntu//pool/universe/libp/libpthread-workqueue/libpthread-workqueue0_0.8.2-1_amd64.deb
 
wget http://mirror.pnl.gov/ubuntu//pool/universe/libp/libpthread-workqueue/libpthread-workqueue-dev_0.8.2-1_amd64.deb
 
 
 
sudo dpkg -i libpthread-workqueue0_0.8.2-1_amd64.deb
 
sudo dpkg -i libpthread-workqueue-dev_0.8.2-1_amd64.deb
 
 
 
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libd/libdispatch/libdispatch_0~svn197.orig.tar.gz
 
 
 
tar xvfz libdispatch_0~svn197.orig.tar.gz
 
cd libdispatch-0~svn197/
 
export CC=clang
 
export CXX=clang++
 
make distclean
 
./configure
 
make
 
 
 
# dispatch_starfish.o: In function `_dispatch_time_mach2nano':
 
# dispatch_starfish.c:(.text+0x5bc): undefined reference to `_dispatch_host_time_data'
 
# dispatch_starfish.c:(.text+0x5ea): undefined reference to `_dispatch_get_host_time_init'
 
# /usr/bin/ld: .libs/dispatch_starfish: hidden symbol `_dispatch_host_time_data' isn't defined
 
# /usr/bin/ld: final link failed: Bad value
 
# clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
 
# make[1]: *** [dispatch_starfish] Error 1
 
# make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/patryk/dispatch/libdispatch-0~svn197/testing'
 
# make: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
 
 
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
# To fix compile, comment out build of "testing" from Makefile
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
make clean
 
sed "s/testing/#testing/" Makefile > Makefile.new
 
mv Makefile.new Makefile
 
make
 
sudo make install
 
sudo ldconfig
 
 
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
# Testing
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
# Plain C: When not compiling with libobjc2 (just plain C) on Ubuntu you must add -lBlocksRuntime
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
clang -o hi helloGCD.c -fblocks -ldispatch -lBlocksRuntime
 
./hi
 
 
 
clang -o hi helloGCD.c -fblocks -ldispatch
 
# /usr/bin/ld: /tmp/helloGCD-eXxFYY.o: undefined reference to symbol '_NSConcreteGlobalBlock'
 
# /usr/bin/ld: note: '_NSConcreteGlobalBlock' is defined in DSO /usr/lib/libBlocksRuntime.so.0
 
# so try adding it to the linker command line
 
# /usr/lib/libBlocksRuntime.so.0: could not read symbols: Invalid operation
 
# clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
# Compiling Objective C with ARC and blocks and libdispatch
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
# Note: do not use -lBlocksRuntime here since Apple on is not
 
# compatible with the libobjc2 one which has its own. (Note from
 
# David Chisnall)
 
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobj-arc -fobjc-nonfragile-abi -fblocks  helloGCD_objc.m Fraction.m -o test -lobjc -lgnustep-base -ldispatch
 
./test
 
 
 
</nowiki>
 

Latest revision as of 21:05, 17 April 2022

Usually it is a good a idea to just use the package manager of your distribution to get a stable and well integrated GNUstep environment:

sudo apt-get install gnustep gnustep-devel

If you want to develop new apps and try the newest features consider the approach described below.

Compiling Everything from Scratch

The following repo contains scripts that compile and install everything needed for GNUstep Objective-C 2.0. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks/Grand Central Dispatch, etc.

For example, to build GNUstep under Ubuntu 19.04, do:

git clone https://github.com/plaurent/gnustep-build
cd gnustep-build/ubuntu-19.04-clang-8.0-runtime-2.0/
./GNUstep-buildon-ubuntu1904.sh

The demo.sh and demo-gui.sh scripts show example code and compilation examples (using command line as well as the recommended GNUmakefile approach.)

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0 (The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))