Difference between revisions of "GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux"

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Objective-C under Ubuntu Linux
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Usually it is a good a idea to just use the package manager of your distribution to get a stable and well integrated GNUstep environment:
  
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== Compiling manually ==
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sudo apt-get install gnustep gnustep-devel
  
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* Uses clang and libobjc2 for all the new features like ARC, Blocks, etc.
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If you want to develop new apps and try the newest features consider the approach described below.
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* Works with a fresh install and likely with a more completed installation.
 
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* Works on Ubuntu 12.10 Server.
 
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* Works on Ubuntu 13.10 Desktop.
 
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* For Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Desktop, see bottom of the page for important info.
 
  
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After this, you can try to install EtoileOS: see [[EtoileOS under Ubuntu Linux]].
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= Compiling Everything from Scratch  =
  
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<pre>
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The following repo contains scripts that  compile and install everything needed for GNUstep Objective-C 2.0.  The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks/Grand Central Dispatch, etc.
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sudo apt-get install aptitude
 
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# Dependencies
 
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sudo aptitude -y install build-essential git subversion ninja cmake
 
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# Dependencies for GNUStep Base
 
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sudo aptitude -y install libffi-dev libxml2-dev libgnutls-dev libicu-dev
 
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# Dependencies for libdispatch
 
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sudo aptitude -y install libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool
 
  
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cd ~
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For example, to build GNUstep under Ubuntu 19.04, do:
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git clone git://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
 
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svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
 
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svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/libs/libobjc2/trunk libobjc2
 
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svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
 
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cd llvm/tools
 
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svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
 
  
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cd ~/llvm
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git clone https://github.com/plaurent/gnustep-build
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mkdir build
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cd gnustep-build/ubuntu-19.04-clang-8.0-runtime-2.0/
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cd build
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./GNUstep-buildon-ubuntu1904.sh
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cmake ..
 
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make -j8  # 8=your number of build CPUs
 
  
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echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
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The demo.sh and demo-gui.sh scripts show example code and compilation examples (using command line as well as the recommended GNUmakefile approach.)
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echo "export CC=clang"  >> ~/.bashrc
 
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echo "export CXX=clang++" >> ~/.bashrc
 
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source ~/.bashrc
 
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clang -v
 
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clang++ -v
 
  
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cd ~/libobjc2
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Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html
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mkdir build
 
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cd build
 
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cmake ..
 
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make -j8
 
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sudo -E make install
 
  
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cd ~/core/make
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General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0
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./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi
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(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))
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make && sudo -E make install
 
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echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
 
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source ~/.bashrc
 
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sudo /sbin/ldconfig
 
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cd ~/core/base/
 
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./configure
 
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make -j8
 
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sudo -E make install
 
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cd ~/libdispatch
 
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sh autogen.sh
 
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./configure CFLAGS="-I/usr/include/kqueue" LDFLAGS="-lkqueue -lpthread_workqueue -pthread -lm"
 
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make -j8
 
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sudo -E make install
 
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sudo ldconfig
 
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
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# TEST COMPILING SOME CODE FROM THE INTERNET
 
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
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You can compile the following code with:
 
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clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -fobjc-arc -lobjc  blocktest.m
 
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clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base  Fraction.m helloGCD_objc.m
 
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cat > blocktest.m << EOF
 
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#include <stdio.h>
 
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int main() {
 
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    void (^hello)(void) = ^(void) {
 
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        printf("Hello, block!\n");
 
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    };
 
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    hello();
 
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    return 0;
 
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}
 
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EOF
 
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cat > helloGCD_objc.m << EOF
 
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#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
 
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#import <stdio.h>
 
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#import "Fraction.h"
 
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int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
 
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  dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
 
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  Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];
 
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  [frac setNumerator: 1];
 
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  [frac setDenominator: 3];
 
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  // print it
 
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  dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
 
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    printf( "The fraction is: " );
 
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    [frac print];
 
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    printf( "\n" );
 
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  });
 
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  dispatch_release(queue);
 
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  return 0;
 
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}
 
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EOF
 
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cat > Fraction.h << EOF
 
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#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>
 
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@interface Fraction: NSObject {
 
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  int numerator;
 
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  int denominator;
 
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}
 
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-(void) print;
 
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-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
 
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-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
 
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-(int) numerator;
 
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-(int) denominator;
 
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@end
 
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EOF
 
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cat > Fraction.m << EOF
 
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#import "Fraction.h"
 
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#import <stdio.h>
 
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@implementation Fraction
 
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-(void) print {
 
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  printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
 
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}
 
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-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
 
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  numerator = n;
 
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}
 
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-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
 
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  denominator = d;
 
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}
 
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-(int) denominator {
 
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  return denominator;
 
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}
 
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-(int) numerator {
 
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  return numerator;
 
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}
 
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@end
 
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EOF
 
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# ------------------------------------------------------
 
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# ADDITIONAL OPTIONAL STEPS FOR INSTALLING GUI AND BACK
 
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# (i.e., if you're running Ubuntu Desktop)
 
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# ------------------------------------------------------
 
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sudo aptitude install -y libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev
 
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sudo aptitude install -y libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev
 
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cd ~/core/gui
 
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./configure
 
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make -j8
 
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sudo -E make install
 
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cd ~/core/back
 
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./configure
 
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make -j8
 
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sudo -E make install
 
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You can compile the following code with:
 
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clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs`  -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -fobjc-arc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base -lgnustep-gui  guitest.m
 
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cat > guitest.m << EOF
 
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#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>
 
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int main()
 
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{
 
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NSApplication *app;  // Without these 2 lines, seg fault may occur
 
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app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];
 
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NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
 
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[alert setMessageText:@"Hello alert"];
 
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[alert addButtonWithTitle:@"All done"];
 
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[alert runModal];
 
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}
 
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EOF
 
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</pre>
 
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* General Note: When compiling, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.7
 
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(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/libs/libobjc2/trunk/ (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.7))
 
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<b>Ubuntu 12.04 Help</b>
 
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On Ubuntu 12.04, the default installed version of CMake is 2.8.7 but you need 2.8.8 or later to compile LLVM.  And the default installed version of GCC and G++ is 4.6 but you need 4.8 or later to compile LLVM.
 
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For CMake, the solution is to download and compile CMake yourself.  Use the existing CMake 2.8.7 and then replace it:
 
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# Download the latest CMake version from the CMake web site (http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html), and uncompress it in a folder.
 
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# Create a _build directory in the CMake sources folder.
 
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# From the _build directory, run the following commands to build and install CMake from sources:
 
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<pre>
 
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cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
 
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make
 
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cpack -G DEB
 
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sudo apt-get remove cmake cmake-data
 
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sudo dpkg -i cmake*.deb
 
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</pre>
 
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To get GCC and G++ 4.8, do the following:
 
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<pre>
 
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
 
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sudo apt-get update
 
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sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8
 
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50
 
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8 50
 
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</pre>
 
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You should be good to go.
 

Latest revision as of 21:05, 17 April 2022

Usually it is a good a idea to just use the package manager of your distribution to get a stable and well integrated GNUstep environment: 

sudo apt-get install gnustep gnustep-devel

If you want to develop new apps and try the newest features consider the approach described below.

Compiling Everything from Scratch

The following repo contains scripts that compile and install everything needed for GNUstep Objective-C 2.0. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks/Grand Central Dispatch, etc.

For example, to build GNUstep under Ubuntu 19.04, do: 

git clone https://github.com/plaurent/gnustep-build
cd gnustep-build/ubuntu-19.04-clang-8.0-runtime-2.0/
./GNUstep-buildon-ubuntu1904.sh

The demo.sh and demo-gui.sh scripts show example code and compilation examples (using command line as well as the recommended GNUmakefile approach.)

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0 (The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))

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