Difference between revisions of "GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux"

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Objective-C under Ubuntu Linux
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Usually it is a good a idea to just use the package manager of your distribution to get a stable and well integrated GNUstep environment:
  
== Compiling Everything from Scratch ==
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sudo apt-get install gnustep gnustep-devel
  
The compilation instructions below are divided into two steps.
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If you want to develop new apps and try the newest features consider the approach described below.
The first step compiles the *base* (non-graphical) parts of GNUStep, including setting up the Objective-C compiler.
 
The second step compiles the graphical parts of GNUStep.  After installing everything below, you could install EtoileOS: see [[EtoileOS under Ubuntu Linux]].
 
  
If you are using Ubuntu 12.04, your version of CMake and/or g++ may be too old to handle the newer versions of LLVM. See the bottom of this wiki page for instructions on how to get a newer version of CMake working.
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= Compiling Everything from Scratch =
  
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The following repo contains scripts that  compile and install everything needed for GNUstep Objective-C 2.0.  The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks/Grand Central Dispatch, etc.
  
'''Reference manuals''' for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html
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For example, to build GNUstep under Ubuntu 19.04, do:
  
<pre>
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git clone https://github.com/plaurent/gnustep-build
sudo apt-get install aptitude
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cd gnustep-build/ubuntu-19.04-clang-8.0-runtime-2.0/
# Dependencies
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./GNUstep-buildon-ubuntu1904.sh
sudo aptitude -y install build-essential git subversion ninja cmake
 
# Dependencies for GNUStep Base
 
sudo aptitude -y install libffi-dev libxml2-dev libgnutls-dev libicu-dev
 
# Dependencies for libdispatch
 
sudo aptitude -y install libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool
 
  
cd ~
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The demo.sh and demo-gui.sh scripts show example code and compilation examples (using command line as well as the recommended GNUmakefile approach.)
git clone git://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
 
svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/modules/core
 
svn co http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/libs/libobjc2/trunk libobjc2
 
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
 
cd llvm/tools
 
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
 
  
cd ~/llvm
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Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html
mkdir build
 
cd build
 
cmake ..
 
make -j8  # 8=your number of build CPUs
 
  
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
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General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0
echo "export CC=clang"  >> ~/.bashrc
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(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))
echo "export CXX=clang++" >> ~/.bashrc
 
source ~/.bashrc
 
clang -v
 
clang++ -v
 
 
 
cd ~/libobjc2
 
mkdir build
 
cd build
 
cmake ..
 
make -j8
 
sudo -E make install
 
 
 
cd ~/core/make
 
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-nonfragile-abi
 
make && sudo -E make install
 
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
 
source ~/.bashrc
 
 
 
sudo /sbin/ldconfig
 
 
 
cd ~/core/base/
 
./configure
 
make -j8
 
sudo -E make install
 
 
 
cd ~/libdispatch
 
sh autogen.sh
 
./configure CFLAGS="-I/usr/include/kqueue" LDFLAGS="-lkqueue -lpthread_workqueue -pthread -lm"
 
make -j8
 
sudo -E make install
 
sudo ldconfig
 
 
 
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
# TEST COMPILING SOME CODE FROM THE INTERNET
 
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
You can compile the following code with:
 
 
 
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -fobjc-arc -lobjc  blocktest.m
 
 
 
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base  Fraction.m helloGCD_objc.m
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
cat > blocktest.m << EOF
 
#include <stdio.h>
 
 
 
int main() {
 
    void (^hello)(void) = ^(void) {
 
        printf("Hello, block!\n");
 
    };
 
    hello();
 
    return 0;
 
}
 
EOF
 
 
 
cat > helloGCD_objc.m << EOF
 
 
 
#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
 
#import <stdio.h>
 
#import "Fraction.h"
 
 
 
int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
 
  dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
 
  Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];
 
 
 
  [frac setNumerator: 1];
 
  [frac setDenominator: 3];
 
 
 
  // print it
 
  dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
 
    printf( "The fraction is: " );
 
    [frac print];
 
    printf( "\n" );
 
  });
 
  dispatch_release(queue);
 
 
 
  return 0;
 
}
 
 
 
EOF
 
 
 
cat > Fraction.h << EOF
 
 
 
#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>
 
 
 
@interface Fraction: NSObject {
 
  int numerator;
 
  int denominator;
 
}
 
 
 
-(void) print;
 
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
 
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
 
-(int) numerator;
 
-(int) denominator;
 
@end
 
 
 
EOF
 
 
 
 
 
cat > Fraction.m << EOF
 
#import "Fraction.h"
 
#import <stdio.h>
 
 
 
@implementation Fraction
 
-(void) print {
 
  printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
 
}
 
 
 
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
 
  numerator = n;
 
}
 
 
 
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
 
  denominator = d;
 
}
 
 
 
-(int) denominator {
 
  return denominator;
 
}
 
 
 
-(int) numerator {
 
  return numerator;
 
}
 
@end
 
 
 
EOF
 
 
 
 
 
# ------------------------------------------------------
 
# STEP 2:  INSTALLING GUI AND BACK
 
# (i.e., if you're running Ubuntu Desktop)
 
# ------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
sudo aptitude install -y libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev
 
sudo aptitude install -y libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev
 
 
 
cd ~/core/gui
 
./configure
 
make -j8
 
sudo -E make install
 
 
 
cd ~/core/back
 
./configure
 
make -j8
 
sudo -E make install
 
 
 
You can compile the following code with:
 
 
 
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs`  -fobjc-runtime=gnustep -fblocks -lobjc -fobjc-arc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base -lgnustep-gui  guitest.m
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
cat > guitest.m << EOF
 
#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>
 
 
 
int main()
 
{
 
  NSApplication *app;  // Without these 2 lines, seg fault may occur
 
  app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];
 
 
 
  NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
 
  [alert setMessageText:@"Hello alert"];
 
  [alert addButtonWithTitle:@"All done"];
 
  int result = [alert runModal];
 
  if (result == NSAlertFirstButtonReturn) {
 
    NSLog(@"First button pressed");
 
  }
 
}
 
EOF
 
 
 
 
 
</pre>
 
 
 
 
 
General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.7
 
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in http://svn.gna.org/svn/gnustep/libs/libobjc2/trunk/ (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.7))
 
 
 
Some other notes:
 
 
 
* We use clang and libobjc2 for all the new features like ARC, Blocks, etc.
 
* Tested on fresh installs of (and likely with a more completed installation of):
 
* Ubuntu 12.10 Server.
 
* Ubuntu 13.10 Desktop.
 
* Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Desktop, see bottom of the page for important info.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<b>Ubuntu 12.04 Help</b>
 
 
 
On Ubuntu 12.04, the default installed version of CMake is 2.8.7 but you need 2.8.8 or later to compile LLVM.  And the default installed version of GCC and G++ is 4.6 but you need 4.8 or later to compile LLVM.
 
 
 
For CMake, the solution is to download and compile CMake yourself.  Use the existing CMake 2.8.7 and then replace it:
 
 
 
# Download the latest CMake version from the CMake web site (http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html), and uncompress it in a folder.
 
# Create a _build directory in the CMake sources folder.
 
# From the _build directory, run the following commands to build and install CMake from sources:
 
 
 
<pre>
 
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
 
make
 
cpack -G DEB
 
sudo apt-get remove cmake cmake-data
 
sudo dpkg -i cmake*.deb
 
</pre>
 
 
 
To get GCC and G++ 4.8, do the following:
 
 
 
<pre>
 
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
 
sudo apt-get update
 
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8
 
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50
 
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8 50
 
</pre>
 
 
 
You should be good to go.
 

Latest revision as of 21:05, 17 April 2022

Usually it is a good a idea to just use the package manager of your distribution to get a stable and well integrated GNUstep environment:

sudo apt-get install gnustep gnustep-devel

If you want to develop new apps and try the newest features consider the approach described below.

Compiling Everything from Scratch

The following repo contains scripts that compile and install everything needed for GNUstep Objective-C 2.0. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks/Grand Central Dispatch, etc.

For example, to build GNUstep under Ubuntu 19.04, do:

git clone https://github.com/plaurent/gnustep-build
cd gnustep-build/ubuntu-19.04-clang-8.0-runtime-2.0/
./GNUstep-buildon-ubuntu1904.sh

The demo.sh and demo-gui.sh scripts show example code and compilation examples (using command line as well as the recommended GNUmakefile approach.)

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0 (The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))