Difference between revisions of "GNUstep under Ubuntu Linux"

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Objective-C under Ubuntu Linux
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Usually it is a good a idea to just use the package manager of your distribution to get a stable and well integrated GNUstep environment:
  
== Compiling Everything from Scratch ==
+
  sudo apt-get install gnustep gnustep-devel
  
The following scripts compiles and installs everything needed for Objective-C 2.0 from scratch.  The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks, etc.
+
If you want to develop new apps and try the newest features consider the approach described below.
  
Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html
+
= Compiling Everything from Scratch  =
  
NOTE: Unless you have a need for the above features, its recommended to install from the default repos as often the scripts below have issues.
+
The following repo contains scripts that  compile and install everything needed for GNUstep Objective-C 2.0.  The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks/Grand Central Dispatch, etc.
  
<pre>sudo apt install gnustep</pre>
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For example, to build GNUstep under Ubuntu 19.04, do:
  
 +
git clone https://github.com/plaurent/gnustep-build
 +
cd gnustep-build/ubuntu-19.04-clang-8.0-runtime-2.0/
 +
./GNUstep-buildon-ubuntu1904.sh
  
=== Ubuntu 19.04 ===
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The demo.sh and demo-gui.sh scripts show example code and compilation examples (using command line as well as the recommended GNUmakefile approach.)
  
In addition to building everything, this script also provides the ability to build the most recent version of four apps: Project Center, Gorm, GWorkspace, and System Preferences. 
+
Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html
 
 
<pre>
 
#!/bin/bash
 
 
 
# Show prompt function
 
function showPrompt()
 
{
 
  if [ "$PROMPT" = true ] ; then
 
    echo -e "\n\n"
 
    read -p "${GREEN}Press enter to continue...${NC}"
 
  fi
 
}
 
 
 
# Set colors
 
GREEN=`tput setaf 2`
 
NC=`tput sgr0` # No Color
 
 
 
# Set to true to also build and install apps
 
APPS=true
 
 
 
# Set to true to pause after each build to verify successful build and installation
 
PROMPT=false
 
 
 
# Install Requirements
 
sudo apt update
 
 
 
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Installing dependencies...${NC}"
 
 
 
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386  # Enable 32-bit repos for libx11-dev:i386
 
sudo apt-get update
 
sudo apt -y install clang git cmake libffi-dev libxml2-dev \
 
libgnutls28-dev libicu-dev libblocksruntime-dev libkqueue-dev libpthread-workqueue-dev autoconf libtool \
 
libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libffi-dev libcairo-dev libx11-dev:i386 libxt-dev libxft-dev
 
 
 
if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
 
  sudo apt -y install curl
 
fi
 
 
 
# Create build directory
 
mkdir GNUstep-build
 
cd GNUstep-build
 
 
 
# Set clang as compiler
 
export CC=clang
 
export CXX=clang++
 
 
 
# Checkout sources
 
echo -e "\n\n${GREEN}Checking out sources...${NC}"
 
#git clone https://github.com/nickhutchinson/libdispatch.git
 
git clone https://github.com/plaurent/libdispatch.git
 
cd libdispatch
 
  git checkout fix_major_missing_symbol_for_ubuntu1904
 
cd ..
 
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2.git
 
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/tools-make.git
 
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-base.git
 
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-gui.git
 
git clone https://github.com/gnustep/libs-back.git
 
 
 
if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
 
  git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-projectcenter.git
 
  git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gorm.git
 
  git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-gworkspace.git
 
  git clone https://github.com/gnustep/apps-systempreferences.git
 
fi
 
 
 
showPrompt
 
 
 
# Build GNUstep make first time
 
echo -e "\n\n"
 
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the first time...${NC}"
 
cd tools-make
 
# git checkout `git rev-list -1 --first-parent --before=2017-04-06 master` # fixes segfault, should probably be looked at.
 
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep  --enable-objc-arc  --with-library-combo=ng-gnu-gnu
 
make -j8
 
sudo -E make install
 
 
 
. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
 
echo ". /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
 
 
 
showPrompt
 
 
 
# Build libdispatch
 
echo -e "\n\n"
 
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libdispatch...${NC}"
 
cd ../libdispatch
 
rm -Rf build
 
mkdir build && cd build
 
../configure  --prefix=/usr
 
make
 
sudo make install
 
sudo ldconfig
 
 
 
showPrompt
 
 
 
# Build libobjc2
 
echo -e "\n\n"
 
echo -e "${GREEN}Building libobjc2...${NC}"
 
cd ../../libobjc2
 
rm -Rf build
 
mkdir build && cd build
 
cmake ../ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER=clang -DTESTS=OFF
 
cmake --build .
 
sudo -E make install
 
sudo ldconfig
 
 
 
export LDFLAGS=-ldispatch
 
 
 
showPrompt
 
 
 
OBJCFLAGS="-fblocks -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0"
 
 
 
# Build GNUstep make second time
 
echo -e "\n\n"
 
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-make for the second time...${NC}"
 
cd ../../tools-make
 
./configure --enable-debug-by-default --with-layout=gnustep --enable-objc-arc --with-library-combo=ng-gnu-gnu
 
make -j8
 
sudo -E make install
 
 
 
. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
 
 
 
showPrompt
 
 
 
# Build GNUstep base
 
echo -e "\n\n"
 
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-base...${NC}"
 
cd ../libs-base/
 
./configure
 
make -j8
 
sudo -E make install
 
 
 
showPrompt
 
 
 
# Build GNUstep GUI
 
echo -e "\n\n"
 
echo -e "${GREEN} Building GNUstep-gui...${NC}"
 
cd ../libs-gui
 
./configure
 
make -j8
 
sudo -E make install
 
 
 
showPrompt
 
 
 
# Build GNUstep back
 
echo -e "\n\n"
 
echo -e "${GREEN}Building GNUstep-back...${NC}"
 
cd ../libs-back
 
./configure
 
make -j8
 
sudo -E make install
 
 
 
showPrompt
 
 
 
. /usr/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles/GNUstep.sh
 
 
 
if [ "$APPS" = true ] ; then
 
  echo -e "${GREEN}Building ProjectCenter...${NC}"
 
  cd ../apps-projectcenter/
 
  make -j8
 
  sudo -E make install
 
 
 
  showPrompt
 
 
 
  echo -e "${GREEN}Building Gorm...${NC}"
 
  cd ../apps-gorm/
 
  make -j8
 
  sudo -E make install
 
 
 
  showPrompt
 
 
 
  echo -e "\n\n"
 
  echo -e "${GREEN}Building GWorkspace...${NC}"
 
  cd ../apps-gworkspace/
 
  ./configure
 
  make -j8
 
  sudo -E make install
 
 
 
  showPrompt
 
 
 
  echo -e "\n\n"
 
  echo -e "${GREEN}Building SystemPreferences...${NC}"
 
  cd ../apps-systempreferences/
 
  make -j8
 
  sudo -E make install
 
 
 
fi
 
 
 
echo -e "\n\n"
 
echo -e "${GREEN}Install is done. Open a new terminal to start using.${NC}"
 
</pre>
 
 
 
=== Older versions of Ubuntu (18.04 or earlier) ===
 
 
 
On older versions of Ubuntu (including 18.04) you won't have a recent enough clang.  If you want to build on an older Ubuntu (like 18.04) you should:
 
 
 
(1) Set OBJCFLAGS="-fblocks -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-1.9" in the script above
 
 
 
(2) git checkout 1.9 on libobjc2
 
 
 
(3) Build a new clang manually (instead of apt install clang):
 
 
 
<pre>
 
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
 
cd llvm/tools
 
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
 
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/lldb/trunk lldb
 
cd ~/llvm
 
rm -rf build
 
mkdir build
 
cd build
 
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release ..    # If you don't choose Release, it defaults to Debug which takes lots more space
 
make -j8  # 8=your number of build CPUs
 
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
 
echo "export CC=clang"  >> ~/.bashrc
 
echo "export CXX=clang++" >> ~/.bashrc
 
export PATH=$PATH:~/llvm/build/bin
 
. ~/.bashrc
 
 
 
export CC=clang
 
export CXX=clang++
 
</pre>
 
 
 
== Test Code ==
 
 
 
The following is some Objective-C source code from the internet. 
 
It demonstrates blocks, Grand Central Dispatch, and the use of GNUStep GUI.
 
 
 
<pre>
 
#!/bin/bash
 
 
 
cat > blocktest.m << EOF
 
#include <stdio.h>
 
 
 
int main() {
 
    void (^hello)(void) = ^(void) {
 
        printf("Hello, block!\n");
 
    };
 
    hello();
 
    return 0;
 
}
 
EOF
 
 
 
cat > helloGCD_objc.m << EOF
 
 
 
#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
 
#import <stdio.h>
 
#import "Fraction.h"
 
 
 
int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
 
  dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
 
  Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] init];
 
 
 
  [frac setNumerator: 1];
 
  [frac setDenominator: 3];
 
 
 
  // print it
 
  dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
 
    printf( "The fraction is: " );
 
    [frac print];
 
    printf( "\n" );
 
  });
 
  dispatch_release(queue);
 
 
 
  return 0;
 
}
 
 
 
EOF
 
 
 
cat > Fraction.h << EOF
 
 
 
#import <Foundation/NSObject.h>
 
 
 
@interface Fraction: NSObject {
 
  int numerator;
 
  int denominator;
 
}
 
 
 
-(void) print;
 
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n;
 
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d;
 
-(int) numerator;
 
-(int) denominator;
 
@end
 
 
 
EOF
 
 
 
 
 
cat > Fraction.m << EOF
 
#import "Fraction.h"
 
#import <stdio.h>
 
 
 
@implementation Fraction
 
-(void) print {
 
  printf( "%i/%i", numerator, denominator );
 
}
 
 
 
-(void) setNumerator: (int) n {
 
  numerator = n;
 
}
 
 
 
-(void) setDenominator: (int) d {
 
  denominator = d;
 
}
 
 
 
-(int) denominator {
 
  return denominator;
 
}
 
 
 
-(int) numerator {
 
  return numerator;
 
}
 
@end
 
 
 
EOF
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
cat > guitest.m << EOF
 
#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>
 
 
 
int main()
 
{
 
  NSApplication *app;  // Without these 2 lines, seg fault may occur
 
  app = [NSApplication sharedApplication];
 
 
 
  NSAlert * alert = [[NSAlert alloc] init];
 
  [alert setMessageText:@"Hello alert"];
 
  [alert addButtonWithTitle:@"All done"];
 
  int result = [alert runModal];
 
  if (result == NSAlertFirstButtonReturn) {
 
    NSLog(@"First button pressed");
 
  }
 
}
 
EOF
 
 
 
# ======================================================================
 
# COMPILE USING THE FOLLOWING COMMAND LINES, OR CREATE A MAKEFILE
 
# ======================================================================
 
 
 
# Using COMMAND LINE
 
 
 
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -lobjc  blocktest.m
 
./a.out
 
 
 
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -lobjc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base  Fraction.m helloGCD_objc.m
 
./a.out
 
 
 
clang `gnustep-config --objc-flags` `gnustep-config --objc-libs` -lobjc -fobjc-arc -ldispatch -lgnustep-base -lgnustep-gui  guitest.m
 
./a.out
 
 
 
# Using MAKEFILE
 
 
 
cat > GNUmakefile << EOF
 
include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/common.make
 
 
 
APP_NAME = GUITest
 
GUITest_OBJC_FILES = guitest.m
 
 
 
include \$(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/application.make
 
EOF
 
 
 
make
 
openapp ./GUITest.app
 
</pre>
 
  
 
General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0
 
General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0
 
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))
 
(The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))

Latest revision as of 21:05, 17 April 2022

Usually it is a good a idea to just use the package manager of your distribution to get a stable and well integrated GNUstep environment:

sudo apt-get install gnustep gnustep-devel

If you want to develop new apps and try the newest features consider the approach described below.

Compiling Everything from Scratch

The following repo contains scripts that compile and install everything needed for GNUstep Objective-C 2.0. The script uses clang and libobjc2 for all the awesome new features like ARC, blocks/Grand Central Dispatch, etc.

For example, to build GNUstep under Ubuntu 19.04, do:

git clone https://github.com/plaurent/gnustep-build
cd gnustep-build/ubuntu-19.04-clang-8.0-runtime-2.0/
./GNUstep-buildon-ubuntu1904.sh

The demo.sh and demo-gui.sh scripts show example code and compilation examples (using command line as well as the recommended GNUmakefile approach.)

Reference manuals for GNUStep, including available APIs, etc, are available at http://www.gnustep.org/developers/documentation.html

General Note: When compiling your own code, it is generally good to tell clang both the family and version of the runtime: -fobjc-runtime=gnustep-2.0 (The current version number can be had by looking at the latest ANNOUNCE filename in https://github.com/gnustep/libobjc2 (e.g., ANNOUNCE.1.8.1))